History of the World Wide Web(www)

A Little History of the World Wide Web See also How It All Started presentation materials from the W3C 10th Anniversary Celebration and other references. from 1945 to 1995 1945 Vannevar Bush writes an article in Atlantic Monthly about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on microfiche 1960s Doug Engelbart prototypes an "oNLine System" (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. He invents the mouse for this purpose. See the Bootstrap Institute library. Ted Nelson coins the word Hypertext in A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate. 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery, 1965. See also: Literary Machines. Note: There used to be a link here to "Hypertext and Hypermedia: A Selected Bibliography" by Terence Harpold, but the site hosting the resource did not maintain the link. Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS in 1967. 1980 While consulting for CERN June-December of 1980, Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, "Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything", which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of bidirectional typed links. "ENQUIRE" ran on Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III. See: Enquire user manual as scanned images or as HTML page(alt). 1989 March "Information Management: A Proposal" written by Tim BL and circulated for comments at CERN (TBL). Paper "HyperText and CERN" produced as background (text or WriteNow format). 1990 May Same proposal recirculated September Mike Sendall, Tim's boss, Oks the purchase of a NeXT cube, and allows Tim to go ahead and write a global hypertext system. October Tim starts work on a hypertext GUI browser+editor using the NeXTStep development environment. He makes up "WorldWideWeb" as a name for the program. (See the first browser screenshot) "World Wide Web" as a name for the project (over Information Mesh, Mine of Information, and Information Mine). Project original proposal reformulated with encouragement from CN and ECP divisional management. Robert Cailliau (ECP) joins and is co-author of new version. November Initial WorldWideWeb program development continues on the NeXT (TBL) . This was a "what you see is what you get" (wysiwyg) browser/editor with direct inline creation of links. The first web server was nxoc01.cern.ch, later called info.cern.ch, and the first web page http://nxoc01.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html Unfortunately CERN no longer supports the historical site. Note from this era too, the least recently modified web page we know of, last changed Tue, 13 Nov 1990 15:17:00 GMT (though the URI changed.) November Technical Student Nicola Pellow (CN) joins and starts work on the line-mode browser. Bernd Pollermann (CN) helps get interface to CERNVM "FIND" index running. TBL gives a colloquium on hypertext in general. Christmas Line mode browser and WorldWideWeb browser/editor demonstrable. Acces is possible to hypertext files, CERNVM "FIND", and Internet news articles. 1991 February workplan for the purposes of ECP division. 26 February 1991 Presentation of the project to the ECP/PT group. March Line mode browser (www) released to limited audience on "priam" vax, rs6000, sun4. May Workplan produced for CN/AS group 17 May Presentation to "C5" Committee. General release of WWW on central CERN machines. 12 June CERN Computer Seminar on WWW. August Files available on the net by FTP, posted on alt.hypertext (6, 16, 19th Aug), comp.sys.next (20th), comp.text.sgml and comp.mail.multi-media (22nd). Jean-Francois Groff joins the project. October VMS/HELP and WAIS gateways installed. Mailing lists www-interest (now www-announce) and www-talk@info.cern.ch (see archive) started. One year status report. Anonymous telnet service started. December Presented poster and demonstration at Hypertext'91 in San Antonio, Texas (US). W3 browser installed on VM/CMS. CERN computer newsletter announces W3 to the HEP world. Dec 12: Paul Kunz installs first Web server outside of Europe, at SLAC. 1992 15 January Line mode browser release 1.1 available by anonymous FTP (see news). Presentation to AIHEP'92 at La Londe (FR). 12 February Line mode v 1.2 annouced on alt.hypertext, comp.infosystems, comp.mail.multi-media, cern.sting, comp.archives.admin, and mailing lists. April 29th April: Release of Finnish "Erwise" GUI client for X mentioned in review by TimBL. May Pei Wei's "Viola" GUI browser for X test version dated May 15. (See review by TimBL) At CERN, Presentation and demo at JENC3, Innsbruck (AT). Technical Student Carl Barker (ECP) joins the project. June Presentation and demo at HEPVM (Lyon). People at FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)), NIKHEF (Nationaal Instituut voor Kern- en Hoge Energie Fysika, (NL)), DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, (DE)) join with WWW servers. July Distribution of WWW through CernLib, including Viola. WWW library code ported to DECnet. Report to the Advisory Board on Computing. August Introduction of CVS for code management at CERN. September Plenary session demonstration to the HEP community at CHEP'92 in Annecy (FR). November Jump back in time to a snapshot of the WWW Project Page as of 3 Nov 1992 and the WWW project web of the time, including the list of all 26 resoanably reliable servers, NCSA's having just been added, but no sign of Mosaic. 1993 January By now, Midas (Tony Johnson, SLAC), Erwise (HUT), and Viola (Pei Wei, O'Reilly Associates) browsers are available for X; CERN Mac browser (ECP) released as alpha. Around 50 known HTTP servers. February NCSA release first alpha version of Marc Andreessen's "Mosaic for X". Computing seminar at CERN. The University of Minnesota announced that they would begin to charge licensing fees for Gopher's use, which caused many volunteers and employees to stop using it and switch to WWW. March WWW (Port 80 HTTP) traffic measures 0.1% of NSF backbone traffic. WWW presented at Online Publishing 93, Pittsburgh. The Acceptable Use Policy prohibiting commercial use of the Internet re-interpreted., so that it becomes becomes allowed. April April 30: Date on the declaration by CERN's directors that WWW technology would be freely usable by anyone, with no fees being payable to CERN. A milestone document. July Ari Luotonen (ECP) joins the project at CERN. He implements access authorisation, proceeds to re-write the CERN httpd server. July 28-30 O'Reilly hosts first WWW Wizards Workshop in Cambridge Mass (US). September WWW (Port 80 http) traffic measures 1% of NSF backbone traffic. NCSA releases working versions of Mosaic browser for all common platforms: X, PC/Windows and Macintosh. September 6-10: On a bus at a seminar Information at Newcastle University, MIT's Prof. David Gifford suggests Tim BL contact Michael Dertouzos of MIT/LCS as a possible consortium host site. October Over 200 known HTTP servers. The European Commission, the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft and CERN start the first Web-based project of the European Union (DG XIII): WISE, using the Web for dissemination of technological information to Europe's less favoured regions. December WWW receives IMA award. John Markov writes a page and a half on WWW and Mosaic in "The New York Times" (US) business section. "The Guardian" (UK) publishes a page on WWW, "The Economist" (UK) analyses the Internet and WWW. Robert Cailliau gets go-ahead from CERN management to organise the First International WWW Conference at CERN. 1994 January O'Reilly, Spry, etc announce "Internet in a box" product to bring the Web into homes. March Marc Andreessen and colleagues leave NCSA to form "Mosaic Communications Corp" (later Netscape). May 25-27 First International WWW Conference, CERN, Geneva. Heavily oversubscribed (800 apply, 400 allowed in): the "Woodstock of the Web". VRML is conceived here. TBL's closing keynote hints at upcoming organization. (Some of Tim's slides on Semantic Web) June M. Bangemann report on European Commission Information Superhighway plan. Over 1500 registered servers. Load on the first Web server (info.cern.ch) 1000 times what it has been 3 years earlier. Over June '91 to June 94, stead July MIT/CERN agreement to start W3 Organisation is announced by Bangemann in Boston. Press release. AP wire. Reports in Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe etc. August Founding of the IW3C2: the International WWW Conference Committee, in Boston, by NCSA and CERN. September The European Commission and CERN propose the WebCore project for development of the Web core technology in Europe. 1 October World Wide Web Consortium founded. October Second International WWW Conference: "Mosaic and the Web", Chicago. Also heavily oversubscribed: 2000 apply, 1300 allowed in. 14 December First W3 Consortium Meeting at M.I.T. in Cambridge (USA). 15 December First meeting with European Industry and the European Consortium branch, at the European Commission, Brussels. 16 December CERN Council approves unanimously the construction of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) accelerator, CERN's next machine and competitor to the US' already defunct SSC (Superconducting Supercollider). Stringent budget conditions are however imposed. CERN thus decides not to continue WWW development, and in concertation with the European Commission and INRIA (the Institut National pour la Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, FR) transfers the WebCore project to INRIA. 1995 February the Web is the main reason for the theme of the G7 meeting hosted by the European Commission in the European Parliament buildings in Brussels (BE). March CERN holds a two-day seminar for the European Media (press, radio, TV), attended by 250 reporters, to show WWW. It is demonstrated on 60 machines, with 30 pupils from the local International High School helping the reporters "surf the Web". April Third International WWW Conference: "Tools and Applications", hosted by the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, in Darmstadt (DE) June Founding of the Web Society in Graz (AT), by the Technical University of Graz (home of Hyper-G), CERN, the University of Minnesota (home of Gopher) and INRIA. See also: How It All Started presentation matierals from the W3C 10th Anniversary Celebration T. Berners-Lee, "Weaving the Web" , Harper Collins 1999 History of Internet and WWW: The Roads and Crossroads of Internet History 1995-1998 by Gregory R. Gromov ... List of Internet Histories (from ISOC)

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The Tech Questions Parents Really Ask

There is a perceived culture of fear when it comes to parents letting their precious offspring bounce around the Wild West of the internet and our Tomorrow's World of technology. But in the few short months since parents' Q&A community Quib.ly launched, we've found that the reality is very different. Yes, parents are cautious, but way more often they're wide-eyed excited at the possibilities open to their kids. These are the five questions parents have given the biggest damns about so far (not a parental control in sight...)
How can I teach my kid electronics?
Yeah, that's right. Not how can I teach my kids the dangers of the web, or how to be careful with computers, but how can we get our kids experimenting, designing and making their own gadgets. Pretty cool.
"We ordered a Little Bits starter kit, and it's brilliant - it's the electronics equivalent of LEGO." - Tech-loving parent blogger
"If you want to teach kids the basics of electronics (and maybe learn them yourself while you are at it) then Arduino microcontroller kits are a brilliant modern take on the idea." - Freelance writer and IT nerd.
Whose responsibility are in-app purchases?
All those scare stories about kids remortgaging the house to buy crystals and overdrafts being eaten by goblins? Our parents are having none of it. They blame sharky developers manipulating children's emotions, they're not keen on free apps charging for up-sells within games, but - frankly - they say the responsibility lies squarely with themselves.
"I must say it irritates me to see stories of 'woe is us, my kid spent £12,000 on in-app purchases. First off I wish my credit so so good that £12,000 was even available on my card, but we'll ignore that for a moment. We have two iPads, both are set to require the password for EVERY purchase no matter how recently it was entered." - Father of three and web developer
"The story about the kid's enormous bill really bugs me. I mean, hello? Parental responsibility? Weren't they keeping an eye on his play and how long he was on there? Hadn't they spoken to him about the rules of playing on the iPad?" - Mum of two
How can we make Facebook safer for our children?
Not - mark you - how can we keep them off it. It's not suitable for under-13s, under-13s aren't allowed to use it... but millions of them do. So chucking away the black and white and wading into the grey, our parents want to know how to find a middle ground and use common sense to keep everyone happy.
"The short answer is: 'stop them from using Facebook'. Done. Oh, okay, not only is this unfair, however, it is also completely unrealistic.
"The longer and more complicated answer is to combine the practical steps of making Facebook safer, with a home environment that fosters honest communication about the dangers and advantages of the online world." - Safeguarding in education officer
Should social media be taught in high school?
Spoiler alert: yes.
"I do think social media should be taught in schools, but more on reputation management than new happenings in social media. I don't think there is enough education out there on the what not to dos of building an online presence." - Mom who loves tech
"We are raising the first Social Media Generation - there is a lot of emphasis on safety and dangers, but we also need to talk about the opportunities that come with being connected."- Social media trainer
"I think it should definitely be taught in school.It can be used productively and safely if schools are willing to embrace it.
"I teach my students how to use Facebook privacy settings and encourage teachers to create Facebook groups for school." Head of ICT
How do we encourage a sense of adventure in our kids?
Parents are alarmed by the darker sides of the web, without being alarmist. And an overarching theme to a lot of their discussions is encouraging kids to explore, take (calculated risks) and have fun.
"Life is short and my son grows and changes so quickly, I look back and see missed opportunities and blame work, paying bills, being 'grown up'... He has helped me realise that all those things are...overrated. And we go camping, walk up mountains, pretend to be in stories we make up when we can. I don't know if we've got the balance right. You can only do your best, and re-evaluate, change, not be slow to grasp the odd opportunity." - School teacher and dad
Quib.ly is a Q&A community for parents and experts to talk about raising happy, healthy kids in a connected world. As many fathers as mothers use the site, and professionals from all fields related to families and technology are welcome.

                                                                                  Holly Seddon

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planet of MARS and 'drinking water'

In this undated image provided by NASA, Mars Rover Opportunity catches its own late-afternoon shadow

Nasa's incredibly long-lived Mars rover Opportunity has produced yet more amazing science - more than nine years after it was supposed to have shut down.
The hardy record-breaking robot has found a rock which is rich in clay minerals - a clear indication that drinkable water once flowed on the red planet's surface.
The find may be the "most significant" in Opportunity's decade-long history.
The robot found the rock - named "Esperance" by Nasa - in May 2013, almost ten years to the day after it left Earth.
The space agency said the find was especially significant because previous examples of water-weathered rocks found by Opportunity suggested high levels of sulphuric acid.
That would indicate that any water once present on the surface would not have been likely to support life on its own.
But the new clay minerals found by Opportunity only form in liquids that have a relatively neutral pH, meaning chemistry may have occurred that could have led to the emergence of life.

Above: Clay mineral content has been found in the Esperance rock.

"The Esperance results are some of the most important findings of our entire mission," said Steve Squyres, principal investigator for the mission. "The composition tells us about the environmental conditions that altered the minerals. A lot of water moved through this rock."

The rover will now head to a new destination, 'Solander Point', which will give it access to a taller stack of geologically layered rocks.
"Getting to Solander Point will be like walking up to a road cut where you see a cross section of the rock layers," said Ray Arvidson of Washington University and deputy principal investigator for the mission.
Nasa's twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed on mars in January 2004. Both completed their three-month prime missions and have since yielded years of extra "bonus" science.
Spirit has since ceased operations, after becoming stuck in sand, and was officially retired in 2010. Opportunity is still going strong - although Nasa cautions it does show "symptoms of ageing" such as loss of motion in some joints.
Meanwhile the newer Curiosity rover is just eleven months into its own mission to explore the surface for signs of ancient life.

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The best advice before buying a smartphone?

 
http://hi-tech-products.blogspot.com/
Global companies are designed smart phones to make people's lives easier. With the right smartphone can manage e-mail messages, appointments, get directions and determine your location wherever you are, and keep track of your workouts and what you eat, shop, and share information with friends, listening to music and watching movies. So why not find the right smartphone so darn confusing?A lot of people feel stupid when choosing a smartphone. Which is the best platform, Android or iPhone? How can you find the best deal on the phone that you want when you sell is not every cell phone carrier or works with all models? How can you avoid paying for minutes or data plans you never use? How can you avoid excess charges? Which features are worth skipping phones and features that must haves? Do you even need a smart phone or a regular mobile phone will do?
Smart phones are not cheap in order so you should think more than once before buying, so taking the time to do a little research first and find out exactly what you need, want, and can be dispensed with, is worth it. We will show you how to narrow down your choices and find the right phone, carrier and plan for you so you end up with the right smartphone - and maybe even some money left in your pocket. With these five tips for choosing the right smartphone, you'll be leaving the cell phone store with the right phone and feeling downright ... Well, and smart. Suit the requirements of the buyer and check his wishes

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Unmanned aircraft

http://hi-tech-products.blogspot.com/

 UAVs are aircraft with remote self-leadership. They carry on board cameras and sensors, communications equipment, and finally sophisticated weapons, and other cargo. Increasingly important role in military operations. Besides removing the losses suffered by combatants in during the tasks with high risk, such as the suppression of defense, can these aircraft lightweight to believe a poll tactically even the smallest combat unit on the ground, and also provide the Permanent Observer (in category heavier) for a period longer than you can bear Human crews effectively.First timeUsed drones for the first time applied in the Vietnam War. The U.S. Air Force launched from aircraft transport (Hercules) Firebees vehicles originally used as targets has been developed by Northrop Grumman (Northrop Grumman) to carry out the functions of imaging reconnaissance flights over North Vietnam. And the late seventies of the twentieth century, when it has become the surface guided missiles - a more effective atmosphere, developed unmanned aircraft lighter and less expensive to reduce casualties in the second poll. And since 1950 has undertaken these aircraft play an influential role in the fields of reconnaissance and surveillance and information gathering, and is expected in the Horn of atheist twenty more tasks include tasks combat specifically, especially as it brought about a clear shift in the wars of the beginning of this century, being made a significant development in the ability to work and continuity and the payment of accurate strikes, through the query and reconnaissance and surveillance zones Standing enemy, while difficult to execute these tasks by densely manned aircraft are at risk for sure.Currently covering unmanned aircraft (UAV) a wide range from large aircraft that derives its power from solar radiation and can stay in the air for days at an altitude of over 20,000 meters, to the small tools that soldiers can be transported in backpacks. And enjoy some drones capable of firing guided weapons from the air to the ground, while designed drones another to shatter suicide in radar antennas or armored vehicles.General features of the droneThere are two advantages essential characterized by the plane without a pilot compared to the plane inhabited: the first is that it falls completely ban the loss of the elements of human beings (crews aircraft), and the second is that they are better able to survive the podium to reduce fingerprints through the form of an optimal (it is impossible to design aircraft populated Traditional) Through the greatest ability to maneuver beyond human endurance capacity. Some of these aircraft on the one hand needs to recover in cases of network landing, and to support the launch rocket in cases of second hand. As for others and later depends technique suitable for take-off and landing from short distances without the use of modes in addition to assistance enjoy growing momentum permit to fly at high altitudes.The role of uninhabited aircraft to monitor the theater of operations

Play drones role full of Amodiat and fixed-wing aircraft to monitor the theater of operations from the air, especially that later came to be developed for the development of other inhabited aircraft. Vlgaah the seventies of the last century was the pilots as having a high degree of security Proportional Avckaddoh with the rapid development of the actor to anti-air defense systems, which have become thoroughly enjoyed very high and far. Thus, modern technologies opened up in front of remotely piloted aircraft so that the increasing operational range and a steep rise in flight and accuracy in monitoring and detection. If the aircraft is equipped with suitable systems of radars, sensors and means of guidance, Pat could cover the fields and areas covered by the usually densely aircraft. Before the outbreak of war can work remotely and at high altitude to provide a survey of the area of ​​operations without provoke the enemy. At the outbreak of the war can maintain constant surveillance during which counts all the movements of the enemy and provide information about the accuracy of the aim of the injury fighter planes, missiles and other mobile. Thus allowing battlefield commanders on the ground to keep abreast of hostilities until the damage assessment phase.The key role of operational primary fighter aircraft without a pilot on the first day of the war, as entrusted with the task of suppression of air defenses hostile and silenced stroke preventive targeting air defense systems embedded within the enemy defenses, as part of the strike, the general orientation friendly forces to the enemy forces and positions before the start of the attack broad which is implemented by the joint units. Thus, this plane are an essential part of the rest of the system is working in full cooperation systems populated with systems to exploit the capabilities of command and control, communications, computer, query, surveillance and reconnaissance, or what is known as CIS4, so as to achieve the success of the military campaign and specific objectives.Capabilities of unmanned aircraftProven unmanned aircraft in the war in Afghanistan is pivotal in the central network operations. Has secured a continuous survey and payment information quick response sent to assets held communications and offensive to allow the exposure of targets to hit within five minutes of identification. On the other hand, also in Afghanistan, the unmanned aircraft video information directly not to hold ground, but also to support aircraft near «A - C - 130 Specter.Thus, due to a shift unmanned aircraft platforms and query survey and reconnaissance plane to multi-task, global air laboratory focused on the implementation of initiatives highlights the military advantage of the unique capabilities of this aircraft. These initiatives include the following:1 - to highlight the ability to distinguish the parties and friendly sites.2 - Show the ability to develop, computer reports regarding the status of the weather.3 - demonstrate the ability to reduce the anti-jamming receivers Data Global Positioning Systems (GPS), with the supply of these devices and navigation of media without the initial reception of the satellite.4 - front air control (FAC), which can be unmanned aircraft to perform three basic tasks - air insulation, close air support, search and rescue operations during the fighting - to the side of the track goals, education and / or illuminated.5 - Show the military value of integrating outstanding thermal unmanned aircraft to illuminate targets at night service attack aircraft used night-vision binoculars.6 - to highlight the interest of the military use of drones as relay contacts, arguments for the transfer of coded instructions on the tasks of air operations center directly to the cockpit of the plane, then migrate sham capabilities to combat damage to that center.Categories of UAVsThe growing interest in unmanned aircraft in order to perform an increasing number of roles, led to the development of a wide range of the aircraft and tested. I knew as well as discrimination and labels and categories.* Drones tactical;These aircraft are designed to support military commanders by providing the right information at the right time of the ranges of up to 200 km above enemy territory and its armed forces. The most important aircraft in this category:
- Chricyril (Crecerelle) and Sbreuer (Sperwer) from Sagem (Sagem).- Phoenix (Phonex) from BAE Systems.
- Pioneer (Pioneer).- Hunter (Hunter).* Aircraft stamina:Described the plane without a pilot's anti-satellite flying at low altitude to provide high-resolution images (Resolution) for query purposes.* Aircraft at medium altitude possibility:- Predator (Predator) (between 4600 m and 7700 m), which now develops Mi-Q -9 a Predator - b able to transfer loads to higher altitudes and more quickly.
- Eagle 2 (Eagle 2) European (carrying 600 kg to a height of 14,000 feet for 24 hours).- Money system (Male) be extradited year 2009.- Global Hawk (Global Hawk), now known some development and improvement to lead U-2 missions plane U-2 but stronger possibility outweigh the possibility of U-2 four times. The complementary or even alternative for maritime patrol aircraft.- Predator - b (Predator-B) can in style implementation of maritime naval patrol mission for a period of 30 consecutive hours with a load weighing 640 kg.* Aircraft probability longevity:This type of aircraft is expected the first flight of its models in 2007. Energy will supply hydrogen fuel cells, and will be sold by 30 meters, and will operate at an altitude of 18,000 to 32,000 meters and carry monitoring equipment or communications will rule. And can be supplied with solar energy so that you can stay in the air from two weeks to six months, according to the supply line.* Aircraft vertical takeoff and landing:Direction tend to develop unmanned aircraft taking off and landing vertically for ground support operations and tactical missions emanating from on board the ships.
* Drones fired manually:This type of aircraft (HLUAV) launched manually and used by members of a very promising sector for future development. Entrepreneurship and French companies in the development of this kind, as it intends to integrate the program Felin soldier expected to enter service by 2007-2008. It is expected that these aircraft have a miniature cameras Camera Day / Night and laser devices to set the goal and electronic devices and data connections.* Mirador (Mirador), length 52 cm which is a Belgian production.* V m d-3 (TMD-3) from Sagem, and a length of 2.1 m and can be disassembled and reassembled in a few minutes.* Rimanta (Remanta) French will enter service in 2010, and will be able to fly inside buildings, as it has a length of between 15 and 40 cm or less. DGA is working on a plane length of 04 cm and a range of one kilometer and can stay in the air, the maximum height of 100 m between 15 and 20 minutes, and with a weight of 1.5 kg. French company was able to produce other aircraft borne on the wings to provide custom arrays of solar energy.* Very small aircraft (Micro):Exploration palm-size aircraft will become a reality on the ground in the near future once solves some drawbacks such as the range and  Palace in the air. There are those who think explore planes bomb fired from the cannon Imagine everything in the course of its progress to be up to the end of the term it is on the ground and explode. Such systems will lead to the development of scary in the field of informatics and dynamic forces.- Pioneer (Pioneer) and weighs 4 kg and can be equipped with a thermal camera or visual.- Raven (Raven) and can stay in the air does not exceed 80 minutes and weighing 8 kg and size of half the size of the former Pioneer, so the soldier can carry.- Dragon (Dragon Eye) and 45 minutes flying over the ranges between 5 and 10 km.- Puma (Puma) and can fly between 2.5 and 3 hours.* Aircraft launches from the air:Aircraft could populated or non-populated to launch this type of aircraft is populated and smaller.- Silent (Silent Eye) from Raytheon (Raytheon) a plane 45 cm in length and can be launched from the Predator (Predator) for flying without a power source for 33 minutes. And can be equipped with electronic intelligence devices and sensors to detect chemicals and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and laser radar.Another scenario longer serving with the launch of a winged rocket from Tomahawk to provide an estimate of the damage after the bombing.Models of UAVs
These aircraft were used during the U.S. operations in Afghanistan and Iraq to expand the coverage area of ​​the aircraft fleet Gestarz (JStars). This aircraft flew for the first time in 1998 at high altitude for a long time (Hale).Turbine is equipped with a fan and one, and not the vehicle subtle as they are designed to operate in a manner remote monitoring of the environment, low to medium threat. And a length of 31.5 m and 35.4 m wing sold and extent of the back and forth of 25,000 km and steadfastness 36 hours at an altitude of 65,000 ft (19810 m), and useful load 910 kg. This plane can capture high-resolution images for large areas, and works in all weather conditions, day and night, as flying their own capabilities or under the control of land. It also can provide control over 24 hours in a beam diameter of 1200 nautical miles (2225 km). And currently enjoying carry sensors and weighing up to 900 kg. Some of these aircraft combines optical and electronic cameras cameras are infrared imaging hard (not video) and the radar's attention to detail, and so the effective range of more than 100 nautical miles (185 km).* Boeing X -45 (Boeing X-45):This aircraft flew for the first time in 2000 and conducted the first flight in May 2002, and will enter service in 2008. The length of this plane 39 feet and weight of the cargo full 2.45 kg. And a top speed during the flight to 0.85 Mac, and ceiling height of up to 4000 feet, the maximum range to 1,300 nautical miles. The arming phrase for multiple types of smart bombs. This feature plane disappear and the absence of guilt, and has sold a wingspan of 10.3 meters and a length of 8.08 meters and a height of 2.94 meters and full weight of 5528 kg and a range of 600 km. It is currently subject to a comprehensive development process under the name of x-45c, the first show of almost five meters and is intended to accommodate a load of approximately two tons, with the possibility of providing additional fuel tanks flying range to 2,400 kilometers. The flying devices as its set goals are the maximum reached by modern development. As we are talking about the possibility of providing fuel during flight, what drives the advantages to be closer to the traditional features fighter jets. Boeing intends to make them capable of carrying 8 small bombs (SDB) Each one weighs 113 kg and the possibility of fully loaded set JDAM bombs directed the GPS system. And the expansion of x-45c program also includes possible doing Bamyat of electronic warfare and climate control.* Predator (Predator):Is the only aircraft in the United States capable of providing instant video images in real-time day and night, in various weather conditions. Flew without a RQ-1PredatorA pilot for the first time in 1994. The of steadfastness period 40 hours maximum, and you can stay in connection with the station within the beam of 750 km per 24-hour period. And a length of 8.23 ​​meters and 14.84 meters wing sold, and beneficial DWT 200 kg electronic sensors include EO / IR and Video Mlontin and system works as infrared  forward (Flir) and the synthetic aperture radar SAR. And also has a compass data-satellite-based GPS. The flight altitude not exceed 25 thousand feet. And related ground station routing through a link the transfer of information ground, or through a link satellites are used when the aircraft is out of line of sight. Thanks to these connections do not require this plane, but the pilots monitored and Mscharatha operators on the ground, where they sit behind their desks in the Nevada desert to bouts of tasks than 4 hours.It has also equipped to set to Aazria devices and two air - the land of the type of Hellfire (Hellfire). The model is called the symbol of armed MQ-1.And developed the company «General Aironoticll continue» GAAS derived from Predator-A so-called Predator-B and became a weight equal to four times the weight of its predecessor, and added 6 meters on display wing to become 20.12 meters, and became able to carry a total of 1360 kg of ammunition, the equivalent of 14 rockets Hellfire, or 6-guided bombs each weighing 225 kg independence flight of 16 hours flight speeds of up to 370 km / h compared to 130 km / h A previous model. The aircraft flew from unmanned MQ-9A Predator B for the first time in 2001, they are high-altitude vehicles withstand long (Hale) and capable of reconnaissance and surveillance, targeting and throwing weapons as well. This plane is equipped increased the length of its structure to become a 10.97 m with a turbo fan engine. And operates at an altitude of more than 5,000 feet of any twice the height of the original vehicle. And studied by General Atomics manufacturer's ability Predator - b-carrying missiles Aim-9 and Aim-120 of Raytheon Company (Raytheon), in addition to the bombs «Boeing» SDB GBU-39 / B any bombs with small diameter, weighing 130 kg, the bombs GBU- JDAM, and precision-guided bombs to Aazaria and anti-ship missiles, such as missile AGM-84 Harpoon, which is produced by the Boeing Company.In order to be brought to the U.S. Navy substitute less expensive than the plane of the unmanned Global Hawk (Global Hawk), offered by General Atomics in collaboration with Lockheed Martin aircraft Predator B-ER or aircraft Altair, which has Bba wing longer and fuel further what gives resilient for a period of 49 hours and a ceiling of 19,000 meters.Take the vehicle unmanned air vehicle structure ER unmanned air Predator-B, with a longer wing sold 26.21 m. Thanks to appropriate additional fuel tanks with a steadfastness in the air about 50 hours. The maximum weight for takeoff 5000 kg Currently, payload useful amount of 1360 kg of radar operates at 360 degrees Center in pods under the forefront, in addition to sensors (EO / IR) and countermeasures (RF) and communications secure information intelligence, and with speeds of 315 km / h The period they can remain in the air less than 30 hours.* Gnat 750 (Gnat 750):Plane from an American drone flew for the first time in 1989. They can carry sensors Kahrobesria or thermal system also can be equipped with synthetic aperture radar SAR. U.S. intelligence has been used by the year 1994 in several functions in its operations to the former Yugoslavia. And weighs 520 kg and carry payload weighing 150 kg, and hold up to a 40-hour period. The ceiling is 7600 m but they are running a ceiling of about 4600 cm.
* (Neuron):French government took the initiative to launch a program to develop the experimental model of unmanned fighter European  that may be flying for the first time in 2009. And on this plane to demonstrate their ability to perform more tasks demanding more conditions cruelty and to be fully integrated within an environment of war pivoting networking, as it should be up to its maximum possible degree of secretly through less imprint radar with detection X below the red. The plane approaching from the designated target from another source of information quickly without the speed of sound and fired ammunition hidden inside the structure.* Hunter RQ-5A:U.S. Army conducted a 2005 first test flight of the drone RQ-5A Hunter in a new design called the Endurance Hunter, has been expanding their range, sustainability and capacity to carry beneficial. The aircraft combines structure fixed wing and tail-to create a new caudal and medial wing longer to form a drone can perform tasks up to 30 hours at an altitude of more than 20 thousand feet. And can carry various external sensors, communications systems and useful loads of weapons. The booth sold amounts to 34 feet. Has provided the wing hard points capable of carrying 130 pounds of weapons and can carry 110 liters of fuel to increase the resilience of the plane additional six hours.The plane of the unmanned MQ-5B Hunter, which recognizes the U.S. Army first copy of which was late 2005 and put in use operational in April 2006 they developed so that it can carry guided missiles Joe - the land type Viper Viper or ammunition Textron Blu-108 containing 40 A small bomb which can fly for 21 hours continuously at an altitude of up to 1,800 feet.

A promising future for dronesThe research and studies focused on military drone, due to the promising future, especially after the success of the recently recorded at the level of eavesdropping and targeting. U.S. Air Vslah works confidentially on the development of unmanned aircraft subtle supersonic long-range reconnaissance, and give the best intelligence leaders on constantly changing objectives in the war on terrorism and in other places, and also allows them to hit those targets. There will be a reconnaissance aircraft, but also required to also be able to attack the enemy. On the other hand, U.S. military officials called senior intelligence tools more flexible than satellites, considering they are often transient or lacking in accuracy of performance track Shuffle goals. The plane without a pilot high-speed and long hidden the extent you can reach the hot spot quickly and without the discovery of remains for a long time.

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the new version of the device "Xbox"

 

Microsoft announced the detection of the new version of the device "Xbox" in the twenty-first of May, and has already sent invitations to journalists to attend the event to be held at its headquarters in Washington.
According to a post published Major Nelson, primarily responsible for platform games, "Xbox," will allow the event at first sight on the next generation of devices "Xbox", and will be followed after nineteen days revealed extensive details of the device and the complete list of games during the session of the "Electronics Show entertainment "In the U.S. city of Los Angeles.

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Solar energy

Benefits of Solar
A lot of technological and financial efforts are being made to solar energy research and development facilities, so why all this effort?To know the answer probably would be worthwhile to identify a few of the important benefits that we get our use of solar energy. Some of these benefits will be obvious, others may be in doubt, some of which may be a surprise to some people, but regardless of the critics, it must be our conviction that solar energy is an important source to develop and improve our lives.Here we have ten of the benefits of solar energy:

    Sustainable solar energy, which is also renewable energy ie they are not enforced, they are a natural source of energy and can be used to generate other forms of energy, we can use it as fuel for cars can also be heating the water or to light up our homes.

    Through the use of solar panels can generate electricity from our own source, and thus allow us to abandon the public electricity network, in other words, we will not be in need of electricity companies in the provision of electric power, and will not be forced to pay electricity bills.

    Access to solar energy will subsequently requires a lot of maintenance work, where it will be installing solar panels or docks once, and then will work as efficiently as possible, and it remains our only little to do to maintain the regularity of their work.
    Solar silent producer of energy, certainly not to cause any solar cell panels noise when you convert sunlight into electrical energy usable.

    Solar power supplies is almost a phenomenon, especially when using the solar panels that are installed on the roofs of buildings.

    Many governments around the world to offer generous incentives and cash rebates with respect to the installation of solar panels and water heating systems sun card.
    The governments of various countries recognize the importance of the production of electricity from renewable sources of energy for the entire world, and accepted by the framework of ideas as attractive as it is possible at the level of individuals.

    If we produce enough solar electricity, or if we did not use all the electricity produced, we can sell it to service companies to get the balance of power, but this is rare in most cases, except in special cases such as traveling on vacation out of the house for a week or two, where the solar panels will continue to produce electrical energy will not be used by anyone.
    You installations massive production of solar energy to produce solar energy, regardless of the weather, whether it is sunny or not, making it a sustainable and reliable production of electricity, usually these installations calories where you store the heat generated, where you use if you do not sunny.

    What continues to progress in solar technology continues to make it more effective in economic terms, and in addition to the decline in the cost of installing solar power supplies, will make the cost of solar power continues to decline to become close to the cost of conventional electricity or produced from fossil fuels.

    Solar power plants and solar panels in homes do not cause any emissions do not cause any adverse effect on the environment. This is the most importan
t

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